Business Strategies for the Next-Generation Network

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Introduction
This is not the first attempt to build the Next-Generation Network (NGN). Back in the 1980s, when the carriers controlled innovation, they had come up with a wonderfully complex architecture for voice, data, and video services, called the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (Broadband ISDN). This architecture was layered upon a standard protocol called ATM—Asynchronous Transfer Mode—and those 53-byte cells were deceptively simple. All the real complexity was in the multiple adaptation layers, which allowed very different services to be successfully adapted to and carried by the relatively uncomplicated ATM transport layer, and in the signaling required to make, manage, and tear-down connections.